Tinidazole: Effective Treatment for Protozoal and Bacterial Infections
Tinidazole
| Product dosage: 500mg | |||
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Synonyms
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Tinidazole is a second-generation nitroimidazole antimicrobial agent with potent activity against a broad spectrum of anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. It is structurally related to metronidazole but offers superior pharmacokinetic properties, including a longer half-life that allows for less frequent dosing and potentially improved patient compliance. Clinically, it is indicated for the management of various infections caused by susceptible organisms, providing a reliable therapeutic option in both outpatient and inpatient settings. Its mechanism of action involves the disruption of DNA synthesis within microbial cells, leading to cell death.
Features
- Chemical class: Nitroimidazole antimicrobial
- Available formulations: Oral tablets (500 mg)
- Half-life: Approximately 12β14 hours
- Bioavailability: High, with minimal food interference
- Metabolism: Hepatic, primarily via CYP3A4
- Excretion: Renal and fecal
Benefits
- Provides broad-spectrum coverage against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa
- Allows for convenient once- or twice-daily dosing due to extended half-life
- Demonstrates high efficacy in eradicating target pathogens
- Supports shorter treatment durations for certain indications compared to alternatives
- Reduces risk of bacterial resistance development when used appropriately
- Well-tolerated profile with manageable side effects for most patients
Common use
Tinidazole is commonly prescribed for the treatment of trichomoniasis caused by Trichomonas vaginalis in both male and female patients. It is also indicated for giardiasis due to Giardia duodenalis and amebiasis (intestinal and hepatic) caused by Entamoeba histolytica. Additionally, it is used for the management of bacterial vaginosis and as part of combination therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Off-label uses may include other anaerobic infections, such as those involving Bacteroides species, Clostridium species, and peptostreptococci.
Dosage and direction
Dosage varies based on indication, patient weight (for pediatric patients), and renal/hepatic function. For trichomoniasis and giardiasis in adults: a single 2 g oral dose. For amebiasis: 2 g once daily for 3 days for intestinal infection; 2 g once daily for 5 days for amebic liver abscess. For bacterial vaginosis: 2 g once daily for 2 days or 1 g once daily for 5 days. For H. pylori eradication: 500 mg twice daily as part of combination therapy. Tablets should be taken with food to minimize gastrointestinal upset. Complete the full course of therapy even if symptoms resolve earlier.
Precautions
Use with caution in patients with central or peripheral nervous system disorders, as neurotoxicity may occur. Monitor blood counts in patients receiving prolonged or high-dose therapy due to potential hematologic effects. Avoid alcohol and alcohol-containing products during treatment and for at least 3 days after completion due to risk of disulfiram-like reaction. Use in pregnancy only if clearly needed (Category C); weigh benefits against potential risks. Not recommended during breastfeeding; interrupt nursing or discontinue drug.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to tinidazole, other nitroimidazole derivatives, or any component of the formulation. Contraindicated in the first trimester of pregnancy. Avoid use in patients with organic neurological disorders. Do not administer to patients who have consumed alcohol within the past 3 days or who cannot abstain during therapy.
Possible side effect
Common adverse effects include metallic taste, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and epigastric discomfort. Less frequently, dizziness, headache, fatigue, and darkening of urine may occur. Rare but serious effects include peripheral neuropathy, seizures, leukopenia, and allergic reactions. Discontinue if abnormal neurologic signs develop.
Drug interaction
Potent CYP3A4 inducers (e.g., rifampin) may decrease tinidazole levels. CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole) may increase levels. May potentiate effects of warfarin and other coumarin anticoagulants; monitor INR. Concurrent use with disulfiram may increase risk of psychotic reactions. Avoid combination with alcohol, busulfan, or lithium.
Missed dose
If a dose is missed, take it as soon as remembered unless it is nearly time for the next dose. Do not double the dose to catch up. Resume the regular dosing schedule. Consult a healthcare provider if multiple doses are missed.
Overdose
Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and ataxia. There is no specific antidote. Management is supportive, including gastric lavage if recent ingestion. Hemodialysis may accelerate elimination. Monitor for neurologic symptoms and provide symptomatic care.
Storage
Store at controlled room temperature (20β25Β°C). Protect from light and moisture. Keep in the original container. Do not use after the expiration date. Keep out of reach of children and pets.
Disclaimer
This information is for educational purposes and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a healthcare provider for diagnosis, treatment decisions, and personalized recommendations. Do not self-medicate or alter prescribed regimens without guidance.
Reviews
Clinical studies and post-marketing surveillance demonstrate high efficacy and acceptable tolerability for approved indications. Patients often report satisfaction with the convenience of dosing. Some note gastrointestinal side effects, though these are generally self-limiting. Healthcare providers appreciate its role in antimicrobial stewardship due to targeted spectrum and resistance profile.